Türkçenin Grameri

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The word grammar is derived from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη ( grammatikḕ téchnē), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα ( grámma), "letter", itself from γράφειν ( gráphein), "to draw, to write". [7] The same Greek root also appears in the words graphics, grapheme, and photograph. Ashtadhyayi, Work by Panini. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017 . Retrieved 23 October 2017. Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī ("Eight Chapters"), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini. Other frameworks are based on an innate " universal grammar", an idea developed by Noam Chomsky. In such models, the object is placed into the verb phrase. The most prominent biologically-oriented theories are:

A command uses a verb to give instructions. It can use either a full stop or an exclamation mark, if it is urgent.Mo is a very intelligent child. He completed all the questions and shared the correct answers with the class when the teacher asked him to. From the latter part of the 18th century, grammar came to be understood as a subfield of the emerging discipline of modern linguistics. The Deutsche Grammatik of Jacob Grimm was first published in the 1810s. The Comparative Grammar of Franz Bopp, the starting point of modern comparative linguistics, came out in 1833. Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. A standard language is a dialect that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and, broadly speaking, in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in academic, descriptive linguistics but which are rarely taught prescriptively. The standardized " first language" taught in primary education may be subject to political controversy because it may sometimes establish a standard defining nationality or ethnicity.

In the United States, the Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar designated 4 March as National Grammar Day in 2008. [20] See also [ edit ] Nouns are words that are used to name people, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. A pronoun can be used instead of a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, our, someone, anyone, and everyone.If we think about sentences as having jobs to do, there are four main types of sentences: questions , commands , exclamations , statements . Constructed languages (also called planned languages or conlangs) are more common in the modern-day, although still extremely uncommon compared to natural languages. Many have been designed to aid human communication (for example, naturalistic Interlingua, schematic Esperanto, and the highly logical Lojban). Each of these languages has its own grammar. In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural rules on speakers' or writers' usage and creation of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and theoretical grammar. The preeminence of Parisian French has reigned largely unchallenged throughout the history of modern French literature. Standard Italian is based on the speech of Florence rather than the capital because of its influence on early literature. Likewise, standard Spanish is not based on the speech of Madrid but on that of educated speakers from more northern areas such as Castile and León (see Gramática de la lengua castellana). In Argentina and Uruguay the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of Buenos Aires and Montevideo ( Rioplatense Spanish). Portuguese has, for now, two official standards, respectively Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese. Holmes, Janet (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (seconded.). Harlow, Essex: Longman. pp.73–94. ISBN 978-0-582-32861-7. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020. ; for more discussion of sets of grammars as populations, see: Croft, William (2000). Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. Harlow, Essex: Longman. pp.13–20. ISBN 978-0-582-35677-1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020.